Kultapyörä

The Island at the Center of the World

While the first human, Maiden of Grass and her island, could be born out of a bird's egg like in the Creation myth, it is also possible that she and the island were born out of a drop of gold that falls out of a smith's kettle. Since this smith's forge is in the middle of the sea, it seems to be THE smith, Ilmarinen.


Ol' mulla ennen kolme torvea
Yks' ol' puusta, toine luusta
Kolmas kuusan lylystä
Mänin miä suolle soittamaan
Kankaalle kajahuuttamaan
Kuului tuo sepän pajahan
Seppä seisattu pajassa
Vasara kätessä vapisi
Pihit pystyyn putosi
Kulta kiehu kattilassa
Keskellä meren selköö
Kuhun kulta tipahti
Siihen saari siunahti
Korja nurmi saaren päälle
Korja neiti nurmen päälle
Nurmen nukka, tuomen kukka
Mansikka mäellä huusi:
"Tule neiti noppimahan
Punaposki poimimaan
Ennen kun etana syöpi
Mato musta muikkajaa!"
Paljo on mustia merellä
Ei ne kaikki hylkehiä
Paljo kantoja kasella
Ei ne kaikki karhun päitä
Paljo lintuja metässä
Ei kaikki pyytäjän pivossa
Paljo on piikoja kylässä
Ei ne kaikki naitavia
Jos mie laulaja olisin
Laulaisin rauniot rahoiksi
Meren hiekat hernehiksi
Suuret vuoret voipytyiksi
Kalliot sianlihoiksi

Once, I had three horns
One was out of tree, the other was out of bone
The third out of a spruce ski
I went to play in the swamp
To blast in the forest
That could be heard in a smith's forge
The smith went still in the forge
Hammer trembled in his hand
Tongs fell upright
Gold boiled in a kettle
In the middle of the open sea
Where a drop of gold fell
There, an island was blessed (into existence)
A beautiful grass on the island
A beautiful maiden on the grass
Grass fuzz, bird cherry flower
A strawberry yelled on a hill:
"Come pick me, maiden
Come glean me, red cheeks
Before a slug eats me
A black snake snacks me!"
There are a lot of black things in the sea
Not all of them are seals
Many stumps in the forest
Not all of them are bear heads
Many brids in the forest
Not all of them on a hunter's palm
There are many women in a village
Not all of them for one to marry
If I was a singer
I'd sing ruins into money
Seasand into peas
Large hills into butter jugs
Rocks into pig meat

The fate of the Maiden of Grass can greatly differ between runosongs. In the one featured in creation myths, she gives birth to a son or sons. In another, she is taken by Iivari. In a third one, she is taken by Nurmi-Tuomas "Grass Thomas", which means death. From the perspective of cosmology, only the first version seems relevant. The others are more "lyrical" runosongs (ballads) than "epic" (myths).

The Song of Four Maidens



Minä menin Muurimäkehen
Mustia villoja vaihtamahan
Siell' oli suuri koira
Koira mullen haukkumahan
Minä hyppäsin aidan päällen
Aita kaatui kahden puolen
Minä menin lepistöhön
Lepistö muuttui mereksi
Mitä siellä meress’ näkyy?
Saari siellä meress’ näkyy
Mikäs saaren keskellä on?
Kylä saaren keskellä on
Mikäs kylän alitse käy?
Joki kylän alitse käy
Mikäs joen sisällä on?
Sammal joen sisällä on
Mikäs sammalass’ sisäll’ on?
Kivi sammalass’ sisäll’ on
Mikäs kiven sisällä on?
Sormus kiven sisällä on
Mikäs sormuksen sisäll’ on?
Pitkä tammi, paksu tammi
Tammi yhreksän kanttinen
Tupa tammen tarhasessa
Mikäs tammen juuripuu?
Kulta tammen juuripuu
Mikäs tammen latvapuu?
Taivas tammen latvapuu
Mikä latvaoksasilla?
Kätkyt latvaoksasilla
Mikä kätkyen kasassa?
Poika kätkyen kasassa
Mikä pojan olkapäällä?
Kirves pojan olkapäällä
Mikä kirvehen kasassa?
Lastu kirvehen kasassa
Mihin lastu lankeaapi
Siihen paja tehtäköhön
Pajahan vaskinen alasin
Hopeaiset huohottimet
Kultavartinen vasara
Mies pieni, kähärä tukka
Pajan päässä takomahan
Noitakonetta valmistamaan
Mitä tuvan sisällä on?
Neljä niemen neitsykkäistä
Kolme nuorta neitoa
Mitä töiksensä tekevät?
Yksi kutoo kultavyötä
Toinen solkia sovittaa
Kolmas harjaa hapsiansa
Neljäs itkee nuorinta veljeänsä
Pieni lintu västäräkki
Lensi tuvan akkunalle
Kysy: ”Mitäs itket, neity nuori?”
”Itken nuorta veljeäni
Kun nuorena sotaan vietiin
Lasna laivan haltijaksi
Vihollisen paimenille
Tykin suuren suun eteen”
Kysy: "Mitäs annat palkakseni
Niin mä veljesi sanelen?"
"Annan pualen kullastani
Toisen pualen hopiastani"
"Tualta näkkyy tulevan
Pää näkkyy päältä metän
Jalat alta aevottaa
Parta päivän palmikossa
Hiukset kullan suortuvissa
Sormet Ruotsin sormuksissa
Jalat saksan saappahissa”
Mitä sille annetaan?
Paijan uuen palttinaisen
Hihattoman, helmattoman
Liisa hihat liitteli
Kaisa kauluksen pani
Helka helman päärmesi



I went to Muuri hill
To exchange black wool
There was a large dog
Who began to bark at me
I jumped on top of a fence
And the fence fell onto two sides
I went into an alder forest
And the alder forest turned into a sea
What can be seen on that sea?
An island can be seen on that sea
What's in the center of the island?
A village is in the center of the island
What goes below the village?
A river goes below the village?
What's inside the river?
Moss* is inside the river
What's inside the moss?
A rock is inside the moss
What's inside the rock?
A ring is inside the rock
What's inside the ring?
A long, thick oak
An oak with nine corners
In the little yard of the oak is a cabin
What is the tree root of the oak?
Gold is the tree root of the oak
What is the treetop of the oak?
The sky is the treetop of the oak
What is on the top branches?
A cradle is on the top branches
What is in the cradle?
A son is in the cradle
What is on the son's shoulder?
An axe is on the son's shoulder
What is with the axe?
A shaving is with the axe
Where ever the shaving lands
There, shall a forge be made
Into the forge, a copper anvil
Silver bellows
And an axe with a golden handle
A small curly-haired man
At the end of the forge to hammer
To create a shaman machine
What is inside the cabin?
Four maidens of the cape
Three young ladies
What are their jobs?
One weaves a golden belt
Another places on buckles
Third brushes her hair
Fourth cries after her youngest brother
The small bird, a wagtail
Flew to the window of the cabin
And asked: "Why are you crying, young maiden?"
"I cry after my young brother
Who was taken to war when he was young
To head a boat as a child
To the shepherds of the enemy
To the front of the mouth of a large cannon"
Asked: "What will you give me as payment
If I tell you about your brother?"
"I'll give you half of my gold
And the other half of my silver"
"It looks like he is coming from there
Head can be seen above a forest
And feet below
The beard in braids of the Sun
Hair in golden locks
Fingers in Swedish rings
Feet in German boots"
What is given to him?
A new linen shirt
With no sleeves, no hem
Liisa attached the sleeves
Kaisa put on the collar
Helka hemmed it

The maidens here are, without doubt, nature goddesses (luonnottaret) despite having later been given Christian names like Liisa, Kaisa and Helka. Note the word moss*, or "sammal" in Finnish: it sounds similar to sammas "the world pillar". There are versions of this runosong in Estonia, where the word sammas is indeed used in this context. Well, despite the word having turned into "moss" here, the world pillar, or the world tree is still present in the form of the oak which is golden at the root (connected to the world mountain, the rocky mountain of Pohjola) and the sky itself at the top. The "cradle" is the golden cradle, a path between the upper and center layers of the world, which one Forest Finnish old lady (Kaisa Vilhunen) described to researchers meant a rainbow.

A smith is often Ilmarinen, of course, and that could be the case here. The description also fits the mythic saviour, but he is usually described as a king of water. No one knows what noitakone "shaman machine" means. The only theory I've even heard is that this would be a reference to the same as the Karelian runosongs of "Ilmarinen forging the Sammas/Sampo". In addition to the world pillar, those runosongs also describe Sampo as the sky itself. Ilmarinen is, of course, the smith of the sky so this tracks, and it would make sense for him to have forged the world pillar as well. However, why would one want to steal the world pillar like Väinämöinen and Joukahainen later do? The Sammas/Sampo of the "Theft of Sammas" runosongs is more like a machine of some kind that provides wealth. From a Kainuian and White Karelian perspective, it is the "source of all sorcery".

I wish I could give clear explanations, but I can't. When thinking of Sammas, one just has to kind of accept that it means multiple different things in different contexts: the world pillar, the sky, the source of sorcery, the source of wealth which made agriculture possible, etc.

The main point to understand here is that, whether born out of a bird egg or a drop of gold, there is an island in the center of the world. There stands the world tree or pillar, and it is the home of luonnottaret.